The parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, formerly known as Rickettsia and a member of the family Rickettsiaceae, is what causes the infectious illness known as scrub typhus. The disease is spread by a rodent parasite called a larval trombiculid mite that bites its host. A bite from a trombiculid mite typically results in an ulcer of the skin, along with fever, a spotted rash over the chest, and swollen lymph nodes as secondary symptoms. After the initial bite, the illness lasts for 10 to 12 days. If treatment is received, the fever will subside after 36 hours; if it is not, problems or even death might result.

For the clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus, the appearance of eschar at the mite bite site is a specific (98.9%) sign.

What is the Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test?

The parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, formerly known as Rickettsia and a member of the family Rickettsiaceae, is what causes the infectious illness known as scrub typhus. The disease is spread by a rodent parasite called a larval trombiculid mite that bites its host. A bite from a trombiculid mite typically results in an ulcer of the skin, along with fever, a spotted rash over the chest, and swollen lymph nodes as secondary symptoms. After the initial bite, the illness lasts for 10 to 12 days. If treatment is received, the fever will subside after 36 hours; if it is not, problems or even death might result.

For the clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus, the appearance of eschar at the mite bite site is a specific (98.9%) sign.

What is the purpose of the Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test?

Scrub typhus is a re-emerging infectious disease in India as a result of recent outbreaks that have been reported often in various regions of the nation. Scrub typhus and other endemic illnesses like malaria, leptospirosis, dengue fever, typhoid, etc. have many clinical symptoms, making it challenging to control the spread. Scrub typhus is mostly an occupational illness that affects those who live in rural areas (i.e., farmers, those involved in collecting firewood from the jungle, fishing in the pond, etc.)

The sole purpose of this test is to help in the early detection of scrub typhus infection in patients exhibiting clinical signs. It is exclusively designed for in vitro diagnostic usage.

The IgM antibody titres steadily rose over a period of two to three weeks following the beginning of symptoms, peaking at around four weeks. Then between 4 and 5 weeks began to drop quickly. IgG antibody titres increased dramatically within the first two weeks, reached a peak at around four weeks, and then steadily dropped after that. If you receive treatment, the fever will go away after 36 hours; but, if you don't, problems or even death might happen.

What does Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test diagnose?

Scrub typhus has symptoms with a wide range of different illnesses. If you have any of the aforementioned signs and symptoms after being in an area where scrub typhus is present, consult a medical professional right once. Please let your healthcare practitioner know where and when you last travelled. To check for scrub typhus or other infections, your doctor may request blood testing.

The Scrub Typhus IgG/IgM Quick Test is an expedited chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to O. Tsutsugamushi in human whole blood, serum, or plasma samples as support for Scrub typhus diagnosis. typhus in mytest scrub The Immuno-chromatography concept is applied in the Ab Test Card. The nitrocellulose membrane is immobilised with anti-human IgM and anti-human IgG antibodies, respectively. Recombinant antigen-colloidal gold conjugate combines with certain antibodies (IgM or IgG) of O.

Tsutsugamushi when the test sample passes across the membrane within the test device if any are present. Moving on to the test area, this complex is immobilised by the anti-human IgM and/or anti-human IgG binding proteins coated on the membrane, resulting in the creation of a coloured band, which verifies a positive test result. If this coloured band is not present in the test window, the test was unsuccessful.

Why do you need a Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test?

This test is exclusively designed for in vitro diagnostic usage and is meant to help with the early detection of scrub typhus infection in patients exhibiting clinical signs.

Scrub typhus symptoms often appear 10 days after being bitten. Some warning signs and symptoms include:

• chills and a fever
• Headache
• Aches and pains in the muscles
• a black, scab-like area where the chigger bite was found (also known as eschar)
• mental modifications that range from bewilderment to coma
• An increase in lymph nodes
• Rash

Unwell individuals may have bleeding and organ failure, both of which can be deadly if addressed.

Preparation and procedure required for Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test

A known panel of Serum/ Plasma Scrub Typhus negative (50 clinical samples), 33 cross-reacting samples, and 50 positive samples are used to assess the test's performance in-house and to compare it to a licenced commercially available test kit. HIV positive, HCV positive, HBV positive, positive for Dengue, Chikungunya, Leptospirosis, positive for Malaria, positive for Typhi, positive for Rheumatoid factor, positive for CRP, and positive for ASO is the cross-reacting samples that were evaluated.

Wait the next 20 minutes for a result. Check your outcomes after 20 minutes. Beneficial outcomes might show up in as little as 5 to 10 minutes. Negative outcomes, on the other hand, must only be confirmed after 20 minutes. After 30 minutes, don't read the findings. After viewing the results after 20 minutes, throw away the Scrub Typhus (tsutsugamushi) IgM & IgG Card Test right away since it may be contagious.

• Before sample collection using authorised procedures, there is no need for the patient to undergo any specific preparation.
• Fresh serum or plasma should be used. In the event of a testing delay, serum or plasma may be kept at 2–8°C for up to 3 days. Freeze the specimen at -20°C for three months or at -70°C for longer periods for long-term storage.
• The material should not be repeatedly frozen and thawed.
• Avoid using lipemic, viscous, or turbid specimens that are contaminated.
• Samples that include precipitates or particulate debris must be centrifuged, and testing must only be done on the clear supernatant.
• Avoid heating the sample to inactivate it.
• Sample shipping must adhere to local laws on the transportation of etiologic agents.

Understanding Typhus Antibody, Rapid Card test results

Test result Interpretation:

• Non-Reactive - Scrub Typhus (tsutsugamushi) antibodies are not present in the material if there is just one prominent red-coloured line in the control area (C) and none in the IgM or IgG regions.
• IgM & IgG reactive - The test is reactive for Scrub Typhus (tsutsugamushi) IgM & IgG antibodies if there is a red coloured line in the control area (C) and test region (M) and IgG region (G) of the slide.
• IgM reactive - The test is reactive for Scrub Typhus (tsutsugamushi) IgM antibodies if there are red lines in the control region (C) and test region (T); IgM region (M).
• IgG reactive - The test is reactive for Scrub Typhus (tsutsugamushi) IgG antibodies if a red-coloured line appears in the control region (C) and test region (T); IgG region (G).

Invalid Result - When the test is finished, if the control line does not appear, the test should be deemed invalid for any of the following reasons:

• Improper storage at a temperature that is higher than what is advised.
• Incorrect Process
• After opening the pouch, prolonged air exposure of the test instrument.